Paternity Testing: A Blessing or a Curse

The jury is still out on whether the now easily available paternity tests are a blessing, a blessing in disguise or a curse.

            The School of thought which holds that paternity testing is a blessing will argue that the easy availability of DNA-based paternity tests has had a liberating effect on both men and women. For the men, a simple DNA-based paternity test offers opportunity of knowing – for sure – whether the child they are setting up to bring up is indeed theirs’ or whether they are having games played on them – a piece of knowledge which many of our men forefathers would have given anything for. Through such a DNA test, paternity, like maternity, becomes a certainty – beating the age old adage where maternity was said to be almost always a matter of certainty, with paternity always being seen as matter of presumption. For women too, paternity testing offers the opportunity of nailing men who go around fathering children and the abdicating their paternal responsibilities. Now while before the advent of DNA-based paternity testing the courts could dismiss the woman’s case (where she happened to suing for child support) on account of lack of enough evidence, the modern woman armed with a DNA test result showing the man in question to be the child’s father has a far better chance of success in her case.   

On the other hand, the school of thought which holds the view that paternity testing is a curse argues that such testing has destabilized the classical approach to parenthood; an approach which many feel was serving us just as well. In this classical approach to parenthood, having children was appreciated for its social value, rather than physical value. In this regard then, people had children to keep their ‘names’ – rather than their genes – alive. Of course our innate longing – according to way we have been programmed by the creator, was to move our genes to the next generation through our children, but since there was no way of knowing that whoever you were bringing up was indeed your gene-bearer (especially for the men), a person had to content themselves with having some to take their ‘name’ to the next generation. All that has changed with the advent of paternity testing – and all one has to do today is to take a simple DNA test, and they are well on their way to knowing if the person they call their ‘son’ or their ‘daughter’ is indeed their gene-bearer or simply a ‘name-bearer.’ Now the implications of knowing a person you have all along being treating as your offspring is nothing of the sort can be devastating to say the least, even if the person in question happens to be just a young child – as DNA tests are typically carried out on young children in dispute. So devastating, in fact, are the effects of the realization that the person you have been treating as your child is nothing of the sort that people have been known to do things they would never have thought of doing before – either to themselves or to the child in question – upon realizing that the child they have always thought was their was not. Of course the proponents of DNA based paternity testing will counter this argument with the fact that the all a DNA test does is to reveal the truth, and it is better to live with a bitter truth, than with a ‘sweet’ lie.

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Different Methods of Paternity Testing

Paternity testing is becoming increasingly popular as more and more people are beginning to realize the many answers that paternity tests can provide and the emotional and financial heartache that they can save a person. Paternity tests can determine up to 99% accuracy whether or not an individual is the father of a child. This can be very helpful in child custody cases when a man is claiming that he is or is not the biological father of a child. Depending on the results of the paternity test, the courts can then either force the man to pay child support payments or they can make it possible for a person to discontinue, or not begin to, pay child support payments. There are a few different methods that can be used to determine paternity and these different tests can be done either postnatal, which is after a baby is born, or prenatal, which is before the child is born.

A postnatal paternity test can be done by collecting a DNA sample from both the man in question and the child. This can be done through the collection and testing of blood, a swab from the inside of the cheek, umbilical cord and testing, or through various other kinds of testing such as hair and semen. This is generally considered to be the safest kind of paternity testing as the fetus will not be disturbed while it is still developing in the uterus. However, this is not always possible, or not always the preferred type of paternity testing and so, prenatal paternity tests, which are also considered very safe, must be completed to determine paternity.

Amniocentesis is one form of paternity testing that can be done before the child is born. During this type of paternity test, a doctor will insert a large, thin needle into the mother’s belly and right into the uterus. The needle is used to withdraw a small amount of amniotic fluid and that fluid will be tested. This is possible because the amniotic fluid contains DNA and can then be matched, or not matched, to the man’s DNA to establish paternity. This test can only be done under the approval of a doctor as there are some risks to the developing fetus. Some of these risks include miscarriage; leaking of amniotic fluid, which can also be fatal to the fetus, bleeding and cramping for the mother; and a very small chance of injuring the fetus. Because the doctor will use an ultrasound to guide the needle, these risks are very small but are present and so should not be done on a woman who is considered to be in a high-risk pregnancy.

Another type of paternity test is a Chorionic Villus Sampling, otherwise known as CVS. This type of paternity test will allow a small tube or needle to be inserted into the woman through the vagina, where it can then collect chorionic villi from the inside of the uterus. These villi are present on the walls of the uterus and contain the same DNA as the unborn child. These villi are then tested to establish paternity.

The method of paternity test that is chosen should always be taken into careful consideration as usually, this is an issue that can wait until after the child is born and doing so will certainly carry no risks to the child or the mother but still provide answers to questions regarding paternity.

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